mito2/

access_layer.rs

// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

use async_stream::try_stream;
use common_time::Timestamp;
use either::Either;
use futures::{Stream, TryStreamExt};
use object_store::services::Fs;
use object_store::util::{join_dir, with_instrument_layers};
use object_store::{ATOMIC_WRITE_DIR, ErrorKind, OLD_ATOMIC_WRITE_DIR, ObjectStore};
use smallvec::SmallVec;
use snafu::ResultExt;
use store_api::metadata::RegionMetadataRef;
use store_api::region_request::PathType;
use store_api::sst_entry::StorageSstEntry;
use store_api::storage::{FileId, RegionId, SequenceNumber};

use crate::cache::CacheManagerRef;
use crate::cache::file_cache::{FileCacheRef, FileType, IndexKey};
use crate::cache::write_cache::SstUploadRequest;
use crate::config::{BloomFilterConfig, FulltextIndexConfig, IndexConfig, InvertedIndexConfig};
use crate::error::{CleanDirSnafu, DeleteIndexSnafu, DeleteSstSnafu, OpenDalSnafu, Result};
use crate::metrics::{COMPACTION_STAGE_ELAPSED, FLUSH_ELAPSED};
use crate::read::{FlatSource, Source};
use crate::region::options::IndexOptions;
use crate::sst::file::{FileHandle, RegionFileId, RegionIndexId};
use crate::sst::index::IndexerBuilderImpl;
use crate::sst::index::intermediate::IntermediateManager;
use crate::sst::index::puffin_manager::{PuffinManagerFactory, SstPuffinManager};
use crate::sst::location::{self, region_dir_from_table_dir};
use crate::sst::parquet::reader::ParquetReaderBuilder;
use crate::sst::parquet::writer::ParquetWriter;
use crate::sst::parquet::{SstInfo, WriteOptions};
use crate::sst::{DEFAULT_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE, DEFAULT_WRITE_CONCURRENCY};

pub type AccessLayerRef = Arc<AccessLayer>;
/// SST write results.
pub type SstInfoArray = SmallVec<[SstInfo; 2]>;

/// Write operation type.
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub enum WriteType {
    /// Writes from flush
    Flush,
    /// Writes from compaction.
    Compaction,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Metrics {
    pub(crate) write_type: WriteType,
    pub(crate) iter_source: Duration,
    pub(crate) write_batch: Duration,
    pub(crate) update_index: Duration,
    pub(crate) upload_parquet: Duration,
    pub(crate) upload_puffin: Duration,
    pub(crate) compact_memtable: Duration,
}

impl Metrics {
    pub fn new(write_type: WriteType) -> Self {
        Self {
            write_type,
            iter_source: Default::default(),
            write_batch: Default::default(),
            update_index: Default::default(),
            upload_parquet: Default::default(),
            upload_puffin: Default::default(),
            compact_memtable: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn merge(mut self, other: Self) -> Self {
        assert_eq!(self.write_type, other.write_type);
        self.iter_source += other.iter_source;
        self.write_batch += other.write_batch;
        self.update_index += other.update_index;
        self.upload_parquet += other.upload_parquet;
        self.upload_puffin += other.upload_puffin;
        self.compact_memtable += other.compact_memtable;
        self
    }

    pub(crate) fn observe(self) {
        match self.write_type {
            WriteType::Flush => {
                FLUSH_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["iter_source"])
                    .observe(self.iter_source.as_secs_f64());
                FLUSH_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["write_batch"])
                    .observe(self.write_batch.as_secs_f64());
                FLUSH_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["update_index"])
                    .observe(self.update_index.as_secs_f64());
                FLUSH_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["upload_parquet"])
                    .observe(self.upload_parquet.as_secs_f64());
                FLUSH_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["upload_puffin"])
                    .observe(self.upload_puffin.as_secs_f64());
                if !self.compact_memtable.is_zero() {
                    FLUSH_ELAPSED
                        .with_label_values(&["compact_memtable"])
                        .observe(self.upload_puffin.as_secs_f64());
                }
            }
            WriteType::Compaction => {
                COMPACTION_STAGE_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["iter_source"])
                    .observe(self.iter_source.as_secs_f64());
                COMPACTION_STAGE_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["write_batch"])
                    .observe(self.write_batch.as_secs_f64());
                COMPACTION_STAGE_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["update_index"])
                    .observe(self.update_index.as_secs_f64());
                COMPACTION_STAGE_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["upload_parquet"])
                    .observe(self.upload_parquet.as_secs_f64());
                COMPACTION_STAGE_ELAPSED
                    .with_label_values(&["upload_puffin"])
                    .observe(self.upload_puffin.as_secs_f64());
            }
        };
    }
}

/// A layer to access SST files under the same directory.
pub struct AccessLayer {
    table_dir: String,
    /// Path type for generating file paths.
    path_type: PathType,
    /// Target object store.
    object_store: ObjectStore,
    /// Puffin manager factory for index.
    puffin_manager_factory: PuffinManagerFactory,
    /// Intermediate manager for inverted index.
    intermediate_manager: IntermediateManager,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for AccessLayer {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("AccessLayer")
            .field("table_dir", &self.table_dir)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl AccessLayer {
    /// Returns a new [AccessLayer] for specific `table_dir`.
    pub fn new(
        table_dir: impl Into<String>,
        path_type: PathType,
        object_store: ObjectStore,
        puffin_manager_factory: PuffinManagerFactory,
        intermediate_manager: IntermediateManager,
    ) -> AccessLayer {
        AccessLayer {
            table_dir: table_dir.into(),
            path_type,
            object_store,
            puffin_manager_factory,
            intermediate_manager,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the directory of the table.
    pub fn table_dir(&self) -> &str {
        &self.table_dir
    }

    /// Returns the object store of the layer.
    pub fn object_store(&self) -> &ObjectStore {
        &self.object_store
    }

    /// Returns the path type of the layer.
    pub fn path_type(&self) -> PathType {
        self.path_type
    }

    /// Returns the puffin manager factory.
    pub fn puffin_manager_factory(&self) -> &PuffinManagerFactory {
        &self.puffin_manager_factory
    }

    /// Returns the intermediate manager.
    pub fn intermediate_manager(&self) -> &IntermediateManager {
        &self.intermediate_manager
    }

    /// Build the puffin manager.
    pub(crate) fn build_puffin_manager(&self) -> SstPuffinManager {
        let store = self.object_store.clone();
        let path_provider =
            RegionFilePathFactory::new(self.table_dir().to_string(), self.path_type());
        self.puffin_manager_factory.build(store, path_provider)
    }

    /// Deletes a SST file (and its index file if it has one) with given file id.
    pub(crate) async fn delete_sst(
        &self,
        region_file_id: &RegionFileId,
        index_file_id: &RegionIndexId,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let path = location::sst_file_path(&self.table_dir, *region_file_id, self.path_type);
        self.object_store
            .delete(&path)
            .await
            .context(DeleteSstSnafu {
                file_id: region_file_id.file_id(),
            })?;

        // Delete all versions of the index file.
        for version in 0..=index_file_id.version {
            let index_id = RegionIndexId::new(*region_file_id, version);
            self.delete_index(index_id).await?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(crate) async fn delete_index(
        &self,
        index_file_id: RegionIndexId,
    ) -> Result<(), crate::error::Error> {
        let path = location::index_file_path(
            &self.table_dir,
            RegionIndexId::new(index_file_id.file_id, index_file_id.version),
            self.path_type,
        );
        self.object_store
            .delete(&path)
            .await
            .context(DeleteIndexSnafu {
                file_id: index_file_id.file_id(),
            })?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Returns the directory of the region in the table.
    pub fn build_region_dir(&self, region_id: RegionId) -> String {
        region_dir_from_table_dir(&self.table_dir, region_id, self.path_type)
    }

    /// Returns a reader builder for specific `file`.
    pub(crate) fn read_sst(&self, file: FileHandle) -> ParquetReaderBuilder {
        ParquetReaderBuilder::new(
            self.table_dir.clone(),
            self.path_type,
            file,
            self.object_store.clone(),
        )
    }

    /// Writes a SST with specific `file_id` and `metadata` to the layer.
    ///
    /// Returns the info of the SST. If no data written, returns None.
    pub async fn write_sst(
        &self,
        request: SstWriteRequest,
        write_opts: &WriteOptions,
        metrics: &mut Metrics,
    ) -> Result<SstInfoArray> {
        let region_id = request.metadata.region_id;
        let cache_manager = request.cache_manager.clone();

        let sst_info = if let Some(write_cache) = cache_manager.write_cache() {
            // Write to the write cache.
            write_cache
                .write_and_upload_sst(
                    request,
                    SstUploadRequest {
                        dest_path_provider: RegionFilePathFactory::new(
                            self.table_dir.clone(),
                            self.path_type,
                        ),
                        remote_store: self.object_store.clone(),
                    },
                    write_opts,
                    metrics,
                )
                .await?
        } else {
            // Write cache is disabled.
            let store = self.object_store.clone();
            let path_provider = RegionFilePathFactory::new(self.table_dir.clone(), self.path_type);
            let indexer_builder = IndexerBuilderImpl {
                build_type: request.op_type.into(),
                metadata: request.metadata.clone(),
                row_group_size: write_opts.row_group_size,
                puffin_manager: self
                    .puffin_manager_factory
                    .build(store, path_provider.clone()),
                write_cache_enabled: false,
                intermediate_manager: self.intermediate_manager.clone(),
                index_options: request.index_options,
                inverted_index_config: request.inverted_index_config,
                fulltext_index_config: request.fulltext_index_config,
                bloom_filter_index_config: request.bloom_filter_index_config,
            };
            // We disable write cache on file system but we still use atomic write.
            // TODO(yingwen): If we support other non-fs stores without the write cache, then
            // we may have find a way to check whether we need the cleaner.
            let cleaner = TempFileCleaner::new(region_id, self.object_store.clone());
            let mut writer = ParquetWriter::new_with_object_store(
                self.object_store.clone(),
                request.metadata,
                request.index_config,
                indexer_builder,
                path_provider,
                metrics,
            )
            .await
            .with_file_cleaner(cleaner);
            match request.source {
                Either::Left(source) => {
                    writer
                        .write_all(source, request.max_sequence, write_opts)
                        .await?
                }
                Either::Right(flat_source) => {
                    writer.write_all_flat(flat_source, write_opts).await?
                }
            }
        };

        // Put parquet metadata to cache manager.
        if !sst_info.is_empty() {
            for sst in &sst_info {
                if let Some(parquet_metadata) = &sst.file_metadata {
                    cache_manager.put_parquet_meta_data(
                        RegionFileId::new(region_id, sst.file_id),
                        parquet_metadata.clone(),
                    )
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(sst_info)
    }

    /// Puts encoded SST bytes to the write cache (if enabled) and uploads it to the object store.
    pub(crate) async fn put_sst(
        &self,
        data: &bytes::Bytes,
        region_id: RegionId,
        sst_info: &SstInfo,
        cache_manager: &CacheManagerRef,
    ) -> Result<Metrics> {
        if let Some(write_cache) = cache_manager.write_cache() {
            // Write to cache and upload to remote store
            let upload_request = SstUploadRequest {
                dest_path_provider: RegionFilePathFactory::new(
                    self.table_dir.clone(),
                    self.path_type,
                ),
                remote_store: self.object_store.clone(),
            };
            write_cache
                .put_and_upload_sst(data, region_id, sst_info, upload_request)
                .await
        } else {
            let start = Instant::now();
            let cleaner = TempFileCleaner::new(region_id, self.object_store.clone());
            let path_provider = RegionFilePathFactory::new(self.table_dir.clone(), self.path_type);
            let sst_file_path =
                path_provider.build_sst_file_path(RegionFileId::new(region_id, sst_info.file_id));
            let mut writer = self
                .object_store
                .writer_with(&sst_file_path)
                .chunk(DEFAULT_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE.as_bytes() as usize)
                .concurrent(DEFAULT_WRITE_CONCURRENCY)
                .await
                .context(OpenDalSnafu)?;
            if let Err(err) = writer.write(data.clone()).await.context(OpenDalSnafu) {
                cleaner.clean_by_file_id(sst_info.file_id).await;
                return Err(err);
            }
            if let Err(err) = writer.close().await.context(OpenDalSnafu) {
                cleaner.clean_by_file_id(sst_info.file_id).await;
                return Err(err);
            }
            let mut metrics = Metrics::new(WriteType::Flush);
            metrics.write_batch = start.elapsed();
            Ok(metrics)
        }
    }

    /// Lists the SST entries from the storage layer in the table directory.
    pub fn storage_sst_entries(&self) -> impl Stream<Item = Result<StorageSstEntry>> + use<> {
        let object_store = self.object_store.clone();
        let table_dir = self.table_dir.clone();

        try_stream! {
            let mut lister = object_store
                .lister_with(table_dir.as_str())
                .recursive(true)
                .await
                .context(OpenDalSnafu)?;

            while let Some(entry) = lister.try_next().await.context(OpenDalSnafu)? {
                let metadata = entry.metadata();
                if metadata.is_dir() {
                    continue;
                }

                let path = entry.path();
                if !path.ends_with(".parquet") && !path.ends_with(".puffin") {
                    continue;
                }

                let file_size = metadata.content_length();
                let file_size = if file_size == 0 { None } else { Some(file_size) };
                let last_modified_ms = metadata
                    .last_modified()
                    .map(|ts| Timestamp::new_millisecond(ts.timestamp_millis()));

                let entry = StorageSstEntry {
                    file_path: path.to_string(),
                    file_size,
                    last_modified_ms,
                    node_id: None,
                };

                yield entry;
            }
        }
    }
}

/// `OperationType` represents the origin of the `SstWriteRequest`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum OperationType {
    Flush,
    Compact,
}

/// Contents to build a SST.
pub struct SstWriteRequest {
    pub op_type: OperationType,
    pub metadata: RegionMetadataRef,
    pub source: Either<Source, FlatSource>,
    pub cache_manager: CacheManagerRef,
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub storage: Option<String>,
    pub max_sequence: Option<SequenceNumber>,

    /// Configs for index
    pub index_options: IndexOptions,
    pub index_config: IndexConfig,
    pub inverted_index_config: InvertedIndexConfig,
    pub fulltext_index_config: FulltextIndexConfig,
    pub bloom_filter_index_config: BloomFilterConfig,
}

/// Cleaner to remove temp files on the atomic write dir.
pub(crate) struct TempFileCleaner {
    region_id: RegionId,
    object_store: ObjectStore,
}

impl TempFileCleaner {
    /// Constructs the cleaner for the region and store.
    pub(crate) fn new(region_id: RegionId, object_store: ObjectStore) -> Self {
        Self {
            region_id,
            object_store,
        }
    }

    /// Removes the SST and index file from the local atomic dir by the file id.
    /// This only removes the initial index, since the index version is always 0 for a new SST, this method should be safe to pass 0.
    pub(crate) async fn clean_by_file_id(&self, file_id: FileId) {
        let sst_key = IndexKey::new(self.region_id, file_id, FileType::Parquet).to_string();
        let index_key = IndexKey::new(self.region_id, file_id, FileType::Puffin(0)).to_string();

        Self::clean_atomic_dir_files(&self.object_store, &[&sst_key, &index_key]).await;
    }

    /// Removes the files from the local atomic dir by their names.
    pub(crate) async fn clean_atomic_dir_files(
        local_store: &ObjectStore,
        names_to_remove: &[&str],
    ) {
        // We don't know the actual suffix of the file under atomic dir, so we have
        // to list the dir. The cost should be acceptable as there won't be to many files.
        let Ok(entries) = local_store.list(ATOMIC_WRITE_DIR).await.inspect_err(|e| {
            if e.kind() != ErrorKind::NotFound {
                common_telemetry::error!(e; "Failed to list tmp files for {:?}", names_to_remove)
            }
        }) else {
            return;
        };

        // In our case, we can ensure the file id is unique so it is safe to remove all files
        // with the same file id under the atomic write dir.
        let actual_files: Vec<_> = entries
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|entry| {
                if entry.metadata().is_dir() {
                    return None;
                }

                // Remove name that matches files_to_remove.
                let should_remove = names_to_remove
                    .iter()
                    .any(|file| entry.name().starts_with(file));
                if should_remove {
                    Some(entry.path().to_string())
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .collect();

        common_telemetry::warn!(
            "Clean files {:?} under atomic write dir for {:?}",
            actual_files,
            names_to_remove
        );

        if let Err(e) = local_store.delete_iter(actual_files).await {
            common_telemetry::error!(e; "Failed to delete tmp file for {:?}", names_to_remove);
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) async fn new_fs_cache_store(root: &str) -> Result<ObjectStore> {
    let atomic_write_dir = join_dir(root, ATOMIC_WRITE_DIR);
    clean_dir(&atomic_write_dir).await?;

    // Compatible code. Remove this after a major release.
    let old_atomic_temp_dir = join_dir(root, OLD_ATOMIC_WRITE_DIR);
    clean_dir(&old_atomic_temp_dir).await?;

    let builder = Fs::default().root(root).atomic_write_dir(&atomic_write_dir);
    let store = ObjectStore::new(builder).context(OpenDalSnafu)?.finish();

    Ok(with_instrument_layers(store, false))
}

/// Clean the directory.
async fn clean_dir(dir: &str) -> Result<()> {
    if tokio::fs::try_exists(dir)
        .await
        .context(CleanDirSnafu { dir })?
    {
        tokio::fs::remove_dir_all(dir)
            .await
            .context(CleanDirSnafu { dir })?;
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Path provider for SST file and index file.
pub trait FilePathProvider: Send + Sync {
    /// Creates index file path of given file id. Version default to 0, and not shown in the path.
    fn build_index_file_path(&self, file_id: RegionFileId) -> String;

    /// Creates index file path of given index id (with version support).
    fn build_index_file_path_with_version(&self, index_id: RegionIndexId) -> String;

    /// Creates SST file path of given file id.
    fn build_sst_file_path(&self, file_id: RegionFileId) -> String;
}

/// Path provider that builds paths in local write cache.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub(crate) struct WriteCachePathProvider {
    file_cache: FileCacheRef,
}

impl WriteCachePathProvider {
    /// Creates a new `WriteCachePathProvider` instance.
    pub fn new(file_cache: FileCacheRef) -> Self {
        Self { file_cache }
    }
}

impl FilePathProvider for WriteCachePathProvider {
    fn build_index_file_path(&self, file_id: RegionFileId) -> String {
        let puffin_key = IndexKey::new(file_id.region_id(), file_id.file_id(), FileType::Puffin(0));
        self.file_cache.cache_file_path(puffin_key)
    }

    fn build_index_file_path_with_version(&self, index_id: RegionIndexId) -> String {
        let puffin_key = IndexKey::new(
            index_id.region_id(),
            index_id.file_id(),
            FileType::Puffin(index_id.version),
        );
        self.file_cache.cache_file_path(puffin_key)
    }

    fn build_sst_file_path(&self, file_id: RegionFileId) -> String {
        let parquet_file_key =
            IndexKey::new(file_id.region_id(), file_id.file_id(), FileType::Parquet);
        self.file_cache.cache_file_path(parquet_file_key)
    }
}

/// Path provider that builds paths in region storage path.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct RegionFilePathFactory {
    pub(crate) table_dir: String,
    pub(crate) path_type: PathType,
}

impl RegionFilePathFactory {
    /// Creates a new `RegionFilePathFactory` instance.
    pub fn new(table_dir: String, path_type: PathType) -> Self {
        Self {
            table_dir,
            path_type,
        }
    }
}

impl FilePathProvider for RegionFilePathFactory {
    fn build_index_file_path(&self, file_id: RegionFileId) -> String {
        location::index_file_path_legacy(&self.table_dir, file_id, self.path_type)
    }

    fn build_index_file_path_with_version(&self, index_id: RegionIndexId) -> String {
        location::index_file_path(&self.table_dir, index_id, self.path_type)
    }

    fn build_sst_file_path(&self, file_id: RegionFileId) -> String {
        location::sst_file_path(&self.table_dir, file_id, self.path_type)
    }
}