meta_client/

client.rs

// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

mod ask_leader;
pub mod heartbeat;
mod load_balance;
mod procedure;

mod cluster;
mod store;
mod util;

use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Duration;

use api::v1::meta::{
    MetasrvNodeInfo, ProcedureDetailResponse, ReconcileRequest, ReconcileResponse, Role,
};
pub use ask_leader::{AskLeader, LeaderProvider, LeaderProviderRef};
use cluster::Client as ClusterClient;
pub use cluster::ClusterKvBackend;
use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
use common_grpc::channel_manager::{ChannelConfig, ChannelManager};
use common_meta::cluster::{
    ClusterInfo, MetasrvStatus, NodeInfo, NodeInfoKey, NodeStatus, Role as ClusterRole,
};
use common_meta::datanode::{DatanodeStatKey, DatanodeStatValue, RegionStat};
use common_meta::error::{
    self as meta_error, ExternalSnafu, Result as MetaResult, UnsupportedSnafu,
};
use common_meta::key::flow::flow_state::{FlowStat, FlowStateManager};
use common_meta::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
use common_meta::procedure_executor::{ExecutorContext, ProcedureExecutor};
use common_meta::range_stream::PaginationStream;
use common_meta::rpc::KeyValue;
use common_meta::rpc::ddl::{SubmitDdlTaskRequest, SubmitDdlTaskResponse};
use common_meta::rpc::procedure::{
    AddRegionFollowerRequest, AddTableFollowerRequest, ManageRegionFollowerRequest,
    MigrateRegionRequest, MigrateRegionResponse, ProcedureStateResponse,
    RemoveRegionFollowerRequest, RemoveTableFollowerRequest,
};
use common_meta::rpc::store::{
    BatchDeleteRequest, BatchDeleteResponse, BatchGetRequest, BatchGetResponse, BatchPutRequest,
    BatchPutResponse, CompareAndPutRequest, CompareAndPutResponse, DeleteRangeRequest,
    DeleteRangeResponse, PutRequest, PutResponse, RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
};
use common_telemetry::info;
use futures::TryStreamExt;
use heartbeat::{Client as HeartbeatClient, HeartbeatConfig};
use procedure::Client as ProcedureClient;
use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
use store::Client as StoreClient;

pub use self::heartbeat::{HeartbeatSender, HeartbeatStream};
use crate::client::ask_leader::{LeaderProviderFactoryImpl, LeaderProviderFactoryRef};
use crate::error::{
    ConvertMetaRequestSnafu, ConvertMetaResponseSnafu, Error, GetFlowStatSnafu, NotStartedSnafu,
    Result,
};

pub type Id = u64;

const DEFAULT_ASK_LEADER_MAX_RETRY: usize = 3;
const DEFAULT_SUBMIT_DDL_MAX_RETRY: usize = 3;
const DEFAULT_CLUSTER_CLIENT_MAX_RETRY: usize = 3;
const DEFAULT_DDL_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct MetaClientBuilder {
    id: Id,
    role: Role,
    enable_heartbeat: bool,
    enable_store: bool,
    enable_procedure: bool,
    enable_access_cluster_info: bool,
    region_follower: Option<RegionFollowerClientRef>,
    channel_manager: Option<ChannelManager>,
    ddl_channel_manager: Option<ChannelManager>,
    /// The default ddl timeout for each request.
    ddl_timeout: Option<Duration>,
    heartbeat_channel_manager: Option<ChannelManager>,
}

impl MetaClientBuilder {
    pub fn new(member_id: u64, role: Role) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: member_id,
            role,
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    /// Returns the role of Frontend's default options.
    pub fn frontend_default_options() -> Self {
        // Frontend does not need a member id.
        Self::new(0, Role::Frontend)
            .enable_store()
            .enable_heartbeat()
            .enable_procedure()
            .enable_access_cluster_info()
    }

    /// Returns the role of Datanode's default options.
    pub fn datanode_default_options(member_id: u64) -> Self {
        Self::new(member_id, Role::Datanode)
            .enable_store()
            .enable_heartbeat()
    }

    /// Returns the role of Flownode's default options.
    pub fn flownode_default_options(member_id: u64) -> Self {
        Self::new(member_id, Role::Flownode)
            .enable_store()
            .enable_heartbeat()
            .enable_procedure()
            .enable_access_cluster_info()
    }

    pub fn enable_heartbeat(self) -> Self {
        Self {
            enable_heartbeat: true,
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn enable_store(self) -> Self {
        Self {
            enable_store: true,
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn enable_procedure(self) -> Self {
        Self {
            enable_procedure: true,
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn enable_access_cluster_info(self) -> Self {
        Self {
            enable_access_cluster_info: true,
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn channel_manager(self, channel_manager: ChannelManager) -> Self {
        Self {
            channel_manager: Some(channel_manager),
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn ddl_channel_manager(self, channel_manager: ChannelManager) -> Self {
        Self {
            ddl_channel_manager: Some(channel_manager),
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn ddl_timeout(self, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
        Self {
            ddl_timeout: Some(timeout),
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn heartbeat_channel_manager(self, channel_manager: ChannelManager) -> Self {
        Self {
            heartbeat_channel_manager: Some(channel_manager),
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn with_region_follower(self, region_follower: RegionFollowerClientRef) -> Self {
        Self {
            region_follower: Some(region_follower),
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn build(self) -> MetaClient {
        let mgr = self.channel_manager.unwrap_or_default();
        let heartbeat_channel_manager = self
            .heartbeat_channel_manager
            .clone()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| mgr.clone());

        let heartbeat = self.enable_heartbeat.then(|| {
            if self.heartbeat_channel_manager.is_some() {
                info!("Enable heartbeat channel using the heartbeat channel manager.");
            }

            HeartbeatClient::new(self.id, self.role, heartbeat_channel_manager.clone())
        });
        let store = self
            .enable_store
            .then(|| StoreClient::new(self.id, self.role, mgr.clone()));
        let procedure = self.enable_procedure.then(|| {
            let mgr = self.ddl_channel_manager.unwrap_or(mgr.clone());
            ProcedureClient::new(
                self.id,
                self.role,
                mgr,
                DEFAULT_SUBMIT_DDL_MAX_RETRY,
                self.ddl_timeout.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_DDL_TIMEOUT),
            )
        });
        let cluster = self
            .enable_access_cluster_info
            .then(|| ClusterClient::new(mgr.clone(), DEFAULT_CLUSTER_CLIENT_MAX_RETRY));
        let region_follower = self.region_follower.clone();

        MetaClient {
            id: self.id,
            channel_manager: mgr.clone(),
            leader_provider_factory: Arc::new(LeaderProviderFactoryImpl::new(
                self.id,
                self.role,
                DEFAULT_ASK_LEADER_MAX_RETRY,
                heartbeat_channel_manager,
            )),
            heartbeat,
            store,
            procedure,
            cluster,
            region_follower,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct MetaClient {
    id: Id,
    channel_manager: ChannelManager,
    leader_provider_factory: LeaderProviderFactoryRef,
    heartbeat: Option<HeartbeatClient>,
    store: Option<StoreClient>,
    procedure: Option<ProcedureClient>,
    cluster: Option<ClusterClient>,
    region_follower: Option<RegionFollowerClientRef>,
}

impl MetaClient {
    pub fn new(id: Id, role: Role) -> Self {
        Self {
            id,
            channel_manager: ChannelManager::default(),
            leader_provider_factory: Arc::new(LeaderProviderFactoryImpl::new(
                id,
                role,
                DEFAULT_ASK_LEADER_MAX_RETRY,
                ChannelManager::default(),
            )),
            heartbeat: None,
            store: None,
            procedure: None,
            cluster: None,
            region_follower: None,
        }
    }
}

pub type RegionFollowerClientRef = Arc<dyn RegionFollowerClient>;

/// A trait for clients that can manage region followers.
#[async_trait::async_trait]
pub trait RegionFollowerClient: Sync + Send + Debug {
    async fn add_region_follower(&self, request: AddRegionFollowerRequest) -> Result<()>;

    async fn remove_region_follower(&self, request: RemoveRegionFollowerRequest) -> Result<()>;

    async fn add_table_follower(&self, request: AddTableFollowerRequest) -> Result<()>;

    async fn remove_table_follower(&self, request: RemoveTableFollowerRequest) -> Result<()>;

    async fn start(&self, urls: &[&str]) -> Result<()>;

    async fn start_with(&self, leader_provider: LeaderProviderRef) -> Result<()>;
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl ProcedureExecutor for MetaClient {
    async fn submit_ddl_task(
        &self,
        _ctx: &ExecutorContext,
        request: SubmitDdlTaskRequest,
    ) -> MetaResult<SubmitDdlTaskResponse> {
        self.submit_ddl_task(request)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn migrate_region(
        &self,
        _ctx: &ExecutorContext,
        request: MigrateRegionRequest,
    ) -> MetaResult<MigrateRegionResponse> {
        self.migrate_region(request)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn reconcile(
        &self,
        _ctx: &ExecutorContext,
        request: ReconcileRequest,
    ) -> MetaResult<ReconcileResponse> {
        self.reconcile(request)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn manage_region_follower(
        &self,
        _ctx: &ExecutorContext,
        request: ManageRegionFollowerRequest,
    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
        if let Some(region_follower) = &self.region_follower {
            match request {
                ManageRegionFollowerRequest::AddRegionFollower(add_region_follower_request) => {
                    region_follower
                        .add_region_follower(add_region_follower_request)
                        .await
                }
                ManageRegionFollowerRequest::RemoveRegionFollower(
                    remove_region_follower_request,
                ) => {
                    region_follower
                        .remove_region_follower(remove_region_follower_request)
                        .await
                }
                ManageRegionFollowerRequest::AddTableFollower(add_table_follower_request) => {
                    region_follower
                        .add_table_follower(add_table_follower_request)
                        .await
                }
                ManageRegionFollowerRequest::RemoveTableFollower(remove_table_follower_request) => {
                    region_follower
                        .remove_table_follower(remove_table_follower_request)
                        .await
                }
            }
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
        } else {
            UnsupportedSnafu {
                operation: "manage_region_follower",
            }
            .fail()
        }
    }

    async fn query_procedure_state(
        &self,
        _ctx: &ExecutorContext,
        pid: &str,
    ) -> MetaResult<ProcedureStateResponse> {
        self.query_procedure_state(pid)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn list_procedures(&self, _ctx: &ExecutorContext) -> MetaResult<ProcedureDetailResponse> {
        self.procedure_client()
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)?
            .list_procedures()
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
    }
}

// TODO(zyy17): Allow deprecated fields for backward compatibility. Remove this when the deprecated fields are removed from the proto.
#[allow(deprecated)]
#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl ClusterInfo for MetaClient {
    type Error = Error;

    async fn list_nodes(&self, role: Option<ClusterRole>) -> Result<Vec<NodeInfo>> {
        let cluster_client = self.cluster_client()?;

        let (get_metasrv_nodes, nodes_key_prefix) = match role {
            None => (true, Some(NodeInfoKey::key_prefix())),
            Some(ClusterRole::Metasrv) => (true, None),
            Some(role) => (false, Some(NodeInfoKey::key_prefix_with_role(role))),
        };

        let mut nodes = if get_metasrv_nodes {
            let last_activity_ts = -1; // Metasrv does not provide this information.

            let (leader, followers): (Option<MetasrvNodeInfo>, Vec<MetasrvNodeInfo>) =
                cluster_client.get_metasrv_peers().await?;
            followers
                .into_iter()
                .map(|node| {
                    if let Some(node_info) = node.info {
                        NodeInfo {
                            peer: node.peer.unwrap_or_default(),
                            last_activity_ts,
                            status: NodeStatus::Metasrv(MetasrvStatus { is_leader: false }),
                            version: node_info.version,
                            git_commit: node_info.git_commit,
                            start_time_ms: node_info.start_time_ms,
                            total_cpu_millicores: node_info.total_cpu_millicores,
                            total_memory_bytes: node_info.total_memory_bytes,
                            cpu_usage_millicores: node_info.cpu_usage_millicores,
                            memory_usage_bytes: node_info.memory_usage_bytes,
                            hostname: node_info.hostname,
                        }
                    } else {
                        // TODO(zyy17): It's for backward compatibility. Remove this when the deprecated fields are removed from the proto.
                        NodeInfo {
                            peer: node.peer.unwrap_or_default(),
                            last_activity_ts,
                            status: NodeStatus::Metasrv(MetasrvStatus { is_leader: false }),
                            version: node.version,
                            git_commit: node.git_commit,
                            start_time_ms: node.start_time_ms,
                            total_cpu_millicores: node.cpus as i64,
                            total_memory_bytes: node.memory_bytes as i64,
                            cpu_usage_millicores: 0,
                            memory_usage_bytes: 0,
                            hostname: "".to_string(),
                        }
                    }
                })
                .chain(leader.into_iter().map(|node| {
                    if let Some(node_info) = node.info {
                        NodeInfo {
                            peer: node.peer.unwrap_or_default(),
                            last_activity_ts,
                            status: NodeStatus::Metasrv(MetasrvStatus { is_leader: true }),
                            version: node_info.version,
                            git_commit: node_info.git_commit,
                            start_time_ms: node_info.start_time_ms,
                            total_cpu_millicores: node_info.total_cpu_millicores,
                            total_memory_bytes: node_info.total_memory_bytes,
                            cpu_usage_millicores: node_info.cpu_usage_millicores,
                            memory_usage_bytes: node_info.memory_usage_bytes,
                            hostname: node_info.hostname,
                        }
                    } else {
                        // TODO(zyy17): It's for backward compatibility. Remove this when the deprecated fields are removed from the proto.
                        NodeInfo {
                            peer: node.peer.unwrap_or_default(),
                            last_activity_ts,
                            status: NodeStatus::Metasrv(MetasrvStatus { is_leader: true }),
                            version: node.version,
                            git_commit: node.git_commit,
                            start_time_ms: node.start_time_ms,
                            total_cpu_millicores: node.cpus as i64,
                            total_memory_bytes: node.memory_bytes as i64,
                            cpu_usage_millicores: 0,
                            memory_usage_bytes: 0,
                            hostname: "".to_string(),
                        }
                    }
                }))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        } else {
            Vec::new()
        };

        if let Some(prefix) = nodes_key_prefix {
            let req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(prefix);
            let res = cluster_client.range(req).await?;
            for kv in res.kvs {
                nodes.push(NodeInfo::try_from(kv.value).context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)?);
            }
        }

        Ok(nodes)
    }

    async fn list_region_stats(&self) -> Result<Vec<RegionStat>> {
        let cluster_kv_backend = Arc::new(self.cluster_client()?);
        let range_prefix = DatanodeStatKey::prefix_key();
        let req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(range_prefix);
        let stream =
            PaginationStream::new(cluster_kv_backend, req, 256, decode_stats).into_stream();
        let mut datanode_stats = stream
            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .await
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)?;
        let region_stats = datanode_stats
            .iter_mut()
            .flat_map(|datanode_stat| {
                let last = datanode_stat.stats.pop();
                last.map(|stat| stat.region_stats).unwrap_or_default()
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        Ok(region_stats)
    }

    async fn list_flow_stats(&self) -> Result<Option<FlowStat>> {
        let cluster_backend = ClusterKvBackend::new(Arc::new(self.cluster_client()?));
        let cluster_backend = Arc::new(cluster_backend) as KvBackendRef;
        let flow_state_manager = FlowStateManager::new(cluster_backend);
        let res = flow_state_manager.get().await.context(GetFlowStatSnafu)?;

        Ok(res.map(|r| r.into()))
    }
}

fn decode_stats(kv: KeyValue) -> MetaResult<DatanodeStatValue> {
    DatanodeStatValue::try_from(kv.value)
        .map_err(BoxedError::new)
        .context(ExternalSnafu)
}

impl MetaClient {
    pub async fn start<U, A>(&mut self, urls: A) -> Result<()>
    where
        U: AsRef<str>,
        A: AsRef<[U]> + Clone,
    {
        info!("MetaClient channel config: {:?}", self.channel_config());

        let urls = urls.as_ref().iter().map(|u| u.as_ref()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let leader_provider = self.leader_provider_factory.create(&urls);

        self.start_with(leader_provider, urls).await
    }

    /// Start the client with a [LeaderProvider] and other Metasrv peers' addresses.
    pub(crate) async fn start_with<U, A>(
        &mut self,
        leader_provider: LeaderProviderRef,
        peers: A,
    ) -> Result<()>
    where
        U: AsRef<str>,
        A: AsRef<[U]> + Clone,
    {
        if let Some(client) = &self.region_follower {
            info!("Starting region follower client ...");
            client.start_with(leader_provider.clone()).await?;
        }

        if let Some(client) = &self.heartbeat {
            info!("Starting heartbeat client ...");
            client.start_with(leader_provider.clone()).await?;
        }

        if let Some(client) = &mut self.store {
            info!("Starting store client ...");
            client.start(peers.clone()).await?;
        }

        if let Some(client) = &self.procedure {
            info!("Starting procedure client ...");
            client.start_with(leader_provider.clone()).await?;
        }

        if let Some(client) = &mut self.cluster {
            info!("Starting cluster client ...");
            client.start_with(leader_provider).await?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Ask the leader address of `metasrv`, and the heartbeat component
    /// needs to create a bidirectional streaming to the leader.
    pub async fn ask_leader(&self) -> Result<String> {
        self.heartbeat_client()?.ask_leader().await
    }

    /// Returns a heartbeat bidirectional streaming: (sender, receiver), the
    /// other end is the leader of `metasrv`.
    ///
    /// The `datanode` needs to use the sender to continuously send heartbeat
    /// packets (some self-state data), and the receiver can receive a response
    /// from "metasrv" (which may contain some scheduling instructions).
    ///
    /// Returns the heartbeat sender, stream, and configuration received from Metasrv.
    pub async fn heartbeat(&self) -> Result<(HeartbeatSender, HeartbeatStream, HeartbeatConfig)> {
        self.heartbeat_client()?.heartbeat().await
    }

    /// Range gets the keys in the range from the key-value store.
    pub async fn range(&self, req: RangeRequest) -> Result<RangeResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .range(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// Put puts the given key into the key-value store.
    pub async fn put(&self, req: PutRequest) -> Result<PutResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .put(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// BatchGet atomically get values by the given keys from the key-value store.
    pub async fn batch_get(&self, req: BatchGetRequest) -> Result<BatchGetResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .batch_get(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// BatchPut atomically puts the given keys into the key-value store.
    pub async fn batch_put(&self, req: BatchPutRequest) -> Result<BatchPutResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .batch_put(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// BatchDelete atomically deletes the given keys from the key-value store.
    pub async fn batch_delete(&self, req: BatchDeleteRequest) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .batch_delete(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// CompareAndPut atomically puts the value to the given updated
    /// value if the current value == the expected value.
    pub async fn compare_and_put(
        &self,
        req: CompareAndPutRequest,
    ) -> Result<CompareAndPutResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .compare_and_put(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// DeleteRange deletes the given range from the key-value store.
    pub async fn delete_range(&self, req: DeleteRangeRequest) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse> {
        self.store_client()?
            .delete_range(req.into())
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)
    }

    /// Query the procedure state by its id.
    pub async fn query_procedure_state(&self, pid: &str) -> Result<ProcedureStateResponse> {
        self.procedure_client()?.query_procedure_state(pid).await
    }

    /// Submit a region migration task.
    pub async fn migrate_region(
        &self,
        request: MigrateRegionRequest,
    ) -> Result<MigrateRegionResponse> {
        self.procedure_client()?
            .migrate_region(
                request.region_id,
                request.from_peer,
                request.to_peer,
                request.timeout,
            )
            .await
    }

    /// Reconcile the procedure state.
    pub async fn reconcile(&self, request: ReconcileRequest) -> Result<ReconcileResponse> {
        self.procedure_client()?.reconcile(request).await
    }

    /// Submit a DDL task
    pub async fn submit_ddl_task(
        &self,
        req: SubmitDdlTaskRequest,
    ) -> Result<SubmitDdlTaskResponse> {
        let res = self
            .procedure_client()?
            .submit_ddl_task(req.try_into().context(ConvertMetaRequestSnafu)?)
            .await?
            .try_into()
            .context(ConvertMetaResponseSnafu)?;

        Ok(res)
    }

    pub fn heartbeat_client(&self) -> Result<HeartbeatClient> {
        self.heartbeat.clone().context(NotStartedSnafu {
            name: "heartbeat_client",
        })
    }

    pub fn store_client(&self) -> Result<StoreClient> {
        self.store.clone().context(NotStartedSnafu {
            name: "store_client",
        })
    }

    pub fn procedure_client(&self) -> Result<ProcedureClient> {
        self.procedure.clone().context(NotStartedSnafu {
            name: "procedure_client",
        })
    }

    pub fn cluster_client(&self) -> Result<ClusterClient> {
        self.cluster.clone().context(NotStartedSnafu {
            name: "cluster_client",
        })
    }

    pub fn channel_config(&self) -> &ChannelConfig {
        self.channel_manager.config()
    }

    pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
        self.id
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};

    use api::v1::meta::{HeartbeatRequest, Peer};
    use common_meta::kv_backend::{KvBackendRef, ResettableKvBackendRef};
    use rand::Rng;

    use super::*;
    use crate::error;
    use crate::mocks::{self, MockMetaContext};

    const TEST_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "__unit_test__meta__";

    struct TestClient {
        ns: String,
        client: MetaClient,
        meta_ctx: MockMetaContext,
    }

    impl TestClient {
        async fn new(ns: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
            // can also test with etcd: mocks::mock_client_with_etcdstore("127.0.0.1:2379").await;
            let (client, meta_ctx) = mocks::mock_client_with_memstore().await;
            Self {
                ns: ns.into(),
                client,
                meta_ctx,
            }
        }

        fn key(&self, name: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
            format!("{}-{}-{}", TEST_KEY_PREFIX, self.ns, name).into_bytes()
        }

        async fn gen_data(&self) {
            for i in 0..10 {
                let req = PutRequest::new()
                    .with_key(self.key(&format!("key-{i}")))
                    .with_value(format!("{}-{}", "value", i).into_bytes())
                    .with_prev_kv();
                let res = self.client.put(req).await;
                let _ = res.unwrap();
            }
        }

        async fn clear_data(&self) {
            let req =
                DeleteRangeRequest::new().with_prefix(format!("{}-{}", TEST_KEY_PREFIX, self.ns));
            let res = self.client.delete_range(req).await;
            let _ = res.unwrap();
        }

        #[allow(dead_code)]
        fn kv_backend(&self) -> KvBackendRef {
            self.meta_ctx.kv_backend.clone()
        }

        fn in_memory(&self) -> Option<ResettableKvBackendRef> {
            self.meta_ctx.in_memory.clone()
        }
    }

    async fn new_client(ns: impl Into<String>) -> TestClient {
        let client = TestClient::new(ns).await;
        client.clear_data().await;
        client
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_meta_client_builder() {
        let urls = &["127.0.0.1:3001", "127.0.0.1:3002"];

        let mut meta_client = MetaClientBuilder::new(0, Role::Datanode)
            .enable_heartbeat()
            .build();
        let _ = meta_client.heartbeat_client().unwrap();
        assert!(meta_client.store_client().is_err());
        meta_client.start(urls).await.unwrap();

        let mut meta_client = MetaClientBuilder::new(0, Role::Datanode).build();
        assert!(meta_client.heartbeat_client().is_err());
        assert!(meta_client.store_client().is_err());
        meta_client.start(urls).await.unwrap();

        let mut meta_client = MetaClientBuilder::new(0, Role::Datanode)
            .enable_store()
            .build();
        assert!(meta_client.heartbeat_client().is_err());
        let _ = meta_client.store_client().unwrap();
        meta_client.start(urls).await.unwrap();

        let mut meta_client = MetaClientBuilder::new(2, Role::Datanode)
            .enable_heartbeat()
            .enable_store()
            .build();
        assert_eq!(2, meta_client.id());
        assert_eq!(2, meta_client.id());
        let _ = meta_client.heartbeat_client().unwrap();
        let _ = meta_client.store_client().unwrap();
        meta_client.start(urls).await.unwrap();
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_not_start_heartbeat_client() {
        let urls = &["127.0.0.1:3001", "127.0.0.1:3002"];
        let mut meta_client = MetaClientBuilder::new(0, Role::Datanode)
            .enable_store()
            .build();
        meta_client.start(urls).await.unwrap();
        let res = meta_client.ask_leader().await;
        assert!(matches!(res.err(), Some(error::Error::NotStarted { .. })));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_not_start_store_client() {
        let urls = &["127.0.0.1:3001", "127.0.0.1:3002"];
        let mut meta_client = MetaClientBuilder::new(0, Role::Datanode)
            .enable_heartbeat()
            .build();

        meta_client.start(urls).await.unwrap();
        let res = meta_client.put(PutRequest::default()).await;
        assert!(matches!(res.err(), Some(error::Error::NotStarted { .. })));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_ask_leader() {
        let tc = new_client("test_ask_leader").await;
        tc.client.ask_leader().await.unwrap();
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_heartbeat() {
        let tc = new_client("test_heartbeat").await;
        let (sender, mut receiver, _config) = tc.client.heartbeat().await.unwrap();
        // send heartbeats

        let request_sent = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
        let request_sent_clone = request_sent.clone();
        let _handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
            for _ in 0..5 {
                let req = HeartbeatRequest {
                    peer: Some(Peer {
                        id: 1,
                        addr: "meta_client_peer".to_string(),
                    }),
                    ..Default::default()
                };
                sender.send(req).await.unwrap();
                request_sent_clone.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
        });

        let heartbeat_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
        let heartbeat_count_clone = heartbeat_count.clone();
        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
            while let Some(_resp) = receiver.message().await.unwrap() {
                heartbeat_count_clone.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
        });

        handle.await.unwrap();
        //+1 for the initial response
        assert_eq!(
            request_sent.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
            heartbeat_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_range_get() {
        let tc = new_client("test_range_get").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let key = tc.key("key-0");
        let req = RangeRequest::new().with_key(key.as_slice());
        let res = tc.client.range(req).await;
        let mut kvs = res.unwrap().take_kvs();
        assert_eq!(1, kvs.len());
        let mut kv = kvs.pop().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(key, kv.take_key());
        assert_eq!(b"value-0".to_vec(), kv.take_value());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_range_get_prefix() {
        let tc = new_client("test_range_get_prefix").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(tc.key("key-"));
        let res = tc.client.range(req).await;
        let kvs = res.unwrap().take_kvs();
        assert_eq!(10, kvs.len());
        for (i, mut kv) in kvs.into_iter().enumerate() {
            assert_eq!(tc.key(&format!("key-{i}")), kv.take_key());
            assert_eq!(format!("{}-{}", "value", i).into_bytes(), kv.take_value());
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_range() {
        let tc = new_client("test_range").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let req = RangeRequest::new().with_range(tc.key("key-5"), tc.key("key-8"));
        let res = tc.client.range(req).await;
        let kvs = res.unwrap().take_kvs();
        assert_eq!(3, kvs.len());
        for (i, mut kv) in kvs.into_iter().enumerate() {
            assert_eq!(tc.key(&format!("key-{}", i + 5)), kv.take_key());
            assert_eq!(
                format!("{}-{}", "value", i + 5).into_bytes(),
                kv.take_value()
            );
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_range_keys_only() {
        let tc = new_client("test_range_keys_only").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let req = RangeRequest::new()
            .with_range(tc.key("key-5"), tc.key("key-8"))
            .with_keys_only();
        let res = tc.client.range(req).await;
        let kvs = res.unwrap().take_kvs();
        assert_eq!(3, kvs.len());
        for (i, mut kv) in kvs.into_iter().enumerate() {
            assert_eq!(tc.key(&format!("key-{}", i + 5)), kv.take_key());
            assert!(kv.take_value().is_empty());
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_put() {
        let tc = new_client("test_put").await;

        let req = PutRequest::new()
            .with_key(tc.key("key"))
            .with_value(b"value".to_vec());
        let res = tc.client.put(req).await;
        assert!(res.unwrap().prev_kv.is_none());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_put_with_prev_kv() {
        let tc = new_client("test_put_with_prev_kv").await;

        let key = tc.key("key");
        let req = PutRequest::new()
            .with_key(key.as_slice())
            .with_value(b"value".to_vec())
            .with_prev_kv();
        let res = tc.client.put(req).await;
        assert!(res.unwrap().prev_kv.is_none());

        let req = PutRequest::new()
            .with_key(key.as_slice())
            .with_value(b"value1".to_vec())
            .with_prev_kv();
        let res = tc.client.put(req).await;
        let mut kv = res.unwrap().prev_kv.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(key, kv.take_key());
        assert_eq!(b"value".to_vec(), kv.take_value());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_batch_put() {
        let tc = new_client("test_batch_put").await;

        let mut req = BatchPutRequest::new();
        for i in 0..275 {
            req = req.add_kv(
                tc.key(&format!("key-{}", i)),
                format!("value-{}", i).into_bytes(),
            );
        }

        let res = tc.client.batch_put(req).await;
        assert_eq!(0, res.unwrap().take_prev_kvs().len());

        let req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(tc.key("key-"));
        let res = tc.client.range(req).await;
        let kvs = res.unwrap().take_kvs();
        assert_eq!(275, kvs.len());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_batch_get() {
        let tc = new_client("test_batch_get").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let mut req = BatchGetRequest::default();
        for i in 0..256 {
            req = req.add_key(tc.key(&format!("key-{}", i)));
        }
        let res = tc.client.batch_get(req).await.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(10, res.kvs.len());

        let req = BatchGetRequest::default()
            .add_key(tc.key("key-1"))
            .add_key(tc.key("key-999"));
        let res = tc.client.batch_get(req).await.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(1, res.kvs.len());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_batch_put_with_prev_kv() {
        let tc = new_client("test_batch_put_with_prev_kv").await;

        let key = tc.key("key");
        let key2 = tc.key("key2");
        let req = BatchPutRequest::new().add_kv(key.as_slice(), b"value".to_vec());
        let res = tc.client.batch_put(req).await;
        assert_eq!(0, res.unwrap().take_prev_kvs().len());

        let req = BatchPutRequest::new()
            .add_kv(key.as_slice(), b"value-".to_vec())
            .add_kv(key2.as_slice(), b"value2-".to_vec())
            .with_prev_kv();
        let res = tc.client.batch_put(req).await;
        let mut kvs = res.unwrap().take_prev_kvs();
        assert_eq!(1, kvs.len());
        let mut kv = kvs.pop().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(key, kv.take_key());
        assert_eq!(b"value".to_vec(), kv.take_value());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_compare_and_put() {
        let tc = new_client("test_compare_and_put").await;

        let key = tc.key("key");
        let req = CompareAndPutRequest::new()
            .with_key(key.as_slice())
            .with_expect(b"expect".to_vec())
            .with_value(b"value".to_vec());
        let res = tc.client.compare_and_put(req).await;
        assert!(!res.unwrap().is_success());

        // create if absent
        let req = CompareAndPutRequest::new()
            .with_key(key.as_slice())
            .with_value(b"value".to_vec());
        let res = tc.client.compare_and_put(req).await;
        let mut res = res.unwrap();
        assert!(res.is_success());
        assert!(res.take_prev_kv().is_none());

        // compare and put fail
        let req = CompareAndPutRequest::new()
            .with_key(key.as_slice())
            .with_expect(b"not_eq".to_vec())
            .with_value(b"value2".to_vec());
        let res = tc.client.compare_and_put(req).await;
        let mut res = res.unwrap();
        assert!(!res.is_success());
        assert_eq!(b"value".to_vec(), res.take_prev_kv().unwrap().take_value());

        // compare and put success
        let req = CompareAndPutRequest::new()
            .with_key(key.as_slice())
            .with_expect(b"value".to_vec())
            .with_value(b"value2".to_vec());
        let res = tc.client.compare_and_put(req).await;
        let mut res = res.unwrap();
        assert!(res.is_success());

        // If compare-and-put is success, previous value doesn't need to be returned.
        assert!(res.take_prev_kv().is_none());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_delete_with_key() {
        let tc = new_client("test_delete_with_key").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let req = DeleteRangeRequest::new()
            .with_key(tc.key("key-0"))
            .with_prev_kv();
        let res = tc.client.delete_range(req).await;
        let mut res = res.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(1, res.deleted());
        let mut kvs = res.take_prev_kvs();
        assert_eq!(1, kvs.len());
        let mut kv = kvs.pop().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(b"value-0".to_vec(), kv.take_value());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_delete_with_prefix() {
        let tc = new_client("test_delete_with_prefix").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let req = DeleteRangeRequest::new()
            .with_prefix(tc.key("key-"))
            .with_prev_kv();
        let res = tc.client.delete_range(req).await;
        let mut res = res.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(10, res.deleted());
        let kvs = res.take_prev_kvs();
        assert_eq!(10, kvs.len());
        for (i, mut kv) in kvs.into_iter().enumerate() {
            assert_eq!(format!("{}-{}", "value", i).into_bytes(), kv.take_value());
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_delete_with_range() {
        let tc = new_client("test_delete_with_range").await;
        tc.gen_data().await;

        let req = DeleteRangeRequest::new()
            .with_range(tc.key("key-2"), tc.key("key-7"))
            .with_prev_kv();
        let res = tc.client.delete_range(req).await;
        let mut res = res.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(5, res.deleted());
        let kvs = res.take_prev_kvs();
        assert_eq!(5, kvs.len());
        for (i, mut kv) in kvs.into_iter().enumerate() {
            assert_eq!(
                format!("{}-{}", "value", i + 2).into_bytes(),
                kv.take_value()
            );
        }
    }

    fn mock_decoder(_kv: KeyValue) -> MetaResult<()> {
        Ok(())
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_cluster_client_adaptive_range() {
        let tx = new_client("test_cluster_client").await;
        let in_memory = tx.in_memory().unwrap();
        let cluster_client = tx.client.cluster_client().unwrap();
        let mut rng = rand::rng();

        // Generates rough 10MB data, which is larger than the default grpc message size limit.
        for i in 0..10 {
            let data: Vec<u8> = (0..1024 * 1024).map(|_| rng.random()).collect();
            in_memory
                .put(
                    PutRequest::new()
                        .with_key(format!("__prefix/{i}").as_bytes())
                        .with_value(data.clone()),
                )
                .await
                .unwrap();
        }

        let req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(b"__prefix/");
        let stream =
            PaginationStream::new(Arc::new(cluster_client), req, 10, mock_decoder).into_stream();

        let res = stream.try_collect::<Vec<_>>().await.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(10, res.len());
    }
}