log_store/kafka/util/

record.rs

// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::Arc;

use rskafka::record::Record as KafkaRecord;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
use store_api::logstore::entry::{Entry, MultiplePartEntry, MultiplePartHeader, NaiveEntry};
use store_api::logstore::provider::{KafkaProvider, Provider};
use store_api::storage::RegionId;

use crate::error::{
    DecodeJsonSnafu, EncodeJsonSnafu, IllegalSequenceSnafu, MetaLengthExceededLimitSnafu,
    MissingKeySnafu, MissingValueSnafu, Result,
};
use crate::kafka::{EntryId, NamespaceImpl};

/// The current version of Record.
pub(crate) const VERSION: u32 = 0;

/// The estimated size in bytes of a serialized RecordMeta.
/// A record is guaranteed to have sizeof(meta) + sizeof(data) <= max_batch_byte - ESTIMATED_META_SIZE.
pub(crate) const ESTIMATED_META_SIZE: usize = 256;

/// The type of a record.
///
/// - If the entry is able to fit into a Kafka record, it's converted into a Full record.
///
/// - If the entry is too large to fit into a Kafka record, it's converted into a collection of records.
///
/// Those records must contain exactly one First record and one Last record, and potentially several
///   Middle records. There may be no Middle record.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
pub enum RecordType {
    /// The record is self-contained, i.e. an entry's data is fully stored into this record.
    Full,
    /// The record contains the first part of an entry's data.
    First,
    /// The record contains one of the middle parts of an entry's data.
    /// The sequence of the record is identified by the inner field.
    Middle(usize),
    /// The record contains the last part of an entry's data.
    Last,
}

/// The metadata of a record.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
pub struct RecordMeta {
    /// The version of the record. Used for backward compatibility.
    version: u32,
    /// The type of the record.
    pub tp: RecordType,
    /// The id of the entry the record associated with.
    pub entry_id: EntryId,
    /// The namespace of the entry the record associated with.
    pub ns: NamespaceImpl,
}

/// The minimal storage unit in the Kafka log store.
///
/// An entry will be first converted into several Records before producing.
/// If an entry is able to fit into a KafkaRecord, it converts to a single Record.
/// If otherwise an entry cannot fit into a KafkaRecord, it will be split into a collection of Records.
///
/// A KafkaRecord is the minimal storage unit used by Kafka client and Kafka server.
/// The Kafka client produces KafkaRecords and consumes KafkaRecords, and Kafka server stores
/// a collection of KafkaRecords.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) struct Record {
    /// The metadata of the record.
    pub(crate) meta: RecordMeta,
    /// The payload of the record.
    data: Vec<u8>,
}

impl TryFrom<Record> for KafkaRecord {
    type Error = crate::error::Error;

    fn try_from(record: Record) -> Result<Self> {
        let key = serde_json::to_vec(&record.meta).context(EncodeJsonSnafu)?;
        ensure!(
            key.len() < ESTIMATED_META_SIZE,
            MetaLengthExceededLimitSnafu {
                limit: ESTIMATED_META_SIZE,
                actual: key.len()
            }
        );
        Ok(KafkaRecord {
            key: Some(key),
            value: Some(record.data),
            timestamp: chrono::Utc::now(),
            headers: Default::default(),
        })
    }
}

// TODO(niebayes): improve the performance of decoding kafka record.
impl TryFrom<KafkaRecord> for Record {
    type Error = crate::error::Error;

    fn try_from(kafka_record: KafkaRecord) -> Result<Self> {
        let key = kafka_record.key.context(MissingKeySnafu)?;
        let meta = serde_json::from_slice(&key).context(DecodeJsonSnafu)?;
        let data = kafka_record.value.context(MissingValueSnafu)?;
        Ok(Self { meta, data })
    }
}

pub(crate) fn convert_to_kafka_records(entry: Entry) -> Result<Vec<KafkaRecord>> {
    match entry {
        Entry::Naive(entry) => Ok(vec![KafkaRecord::try_from(Record {
            meta: RecordMeta {
                version: VERSION,
                tp: RecordType::Full,
                // TODO(weny): refactor the record meta.
                entry_id: 0,
                ns: NamespaceImpl {
                    region_id: entry.region_id.as_u64(),
                    // TODO(weny): refactor the record meta.
                    topic: String::new(),
                },
            },
            data: entry.data,
        })?]),
        Entry::MultiplePart(entry) => {
            let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(entry.parts.len());

            for (idx, part) in entry.parts.into_iter().enumerate() {
                let tp = match entry.headers[idx] {
                    MultiplePartHeader::First => RecordType::First,
                    MultiplePartHeader::Middle(i) => RecordType::Middle(i),
                    MultiplePartHeader::Last => RecordType::Last,
                };
                entries.push(KafkaRecord::try_from(Record {
                    meta: RecordMeta {
                        version: VERSION,
                        tp,
                        // TODO(weny): refactor the record meta.
                        entry_id: 0,
                        ns: NamespaceImpl {
                            region_id: entry.region_id.as_u64(),
                            topic: String::new(),
                        },
                    },
                    data: part,
                })?)
            }
            Ok(entries)
        }
    }
}

fn convert_to_naive_entry(provider: Arc<KafkaProvider>, record: Record) -> Entry {
    let region_id = RegionId::from_u64(record.meta.ns.region_id);

    Entry::Naive(NaiveEntry {
        provider: Provider::Kafka(provider),
        region_id,
        entry_id: record.meta.entry_id,
        data: record.data,
    })
}

fn convert_to_multiple_entry(
    provider: Arc<KafkaProvider>,
    region_id: RegionId,
    records: Vec<Record>,
) -> Entry {
    let mut headers = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
    let mut parts = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
    let entry_id = records.last().map(|r| r.meta.entry_id).unwrap_or_default();

    for record in records {
        let header = match record.meta.tp {
            RecordType::Full => unreachable!(),
            RecordType::First => MultiplePartHeader::First,
            RecordType::Middle(i) => MultiplePartHeader::Middle(i),
            RecordType::Last => MultiplePartHeader::Last,
        };
        headers.push(header);
        parts.push(record.data);
    }

    Entry::MultiplePart(MultiplePartEntry {
        provider: Provider::Kafka(provider),
        region_id,
        entry_id,
        headers,
        parts,
    })
}

/// Constructs entries from `buffered_records`
pub fn remaining_entries(
    provider: &Arc<KafkaProvider>,
    buffered_records: &mut HashMap<RegionId, Vec<Record>>,
) -> Option<Vec<Entry>> {
    if buffered_records.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(buffered_records.len());
        for (region_id, records) in buffered_records.drain() {
            entries.push(convert_to_multiple_entry(
                provider.clone(),
                region_id,
                records,
            ));
        }
        Some(entries)
    }
}

/// For type of [Entry::Naive] Entry:
/// - Emits a [RecordType::Full] type record immediately.
///
/// For type of [Entry::MultiplePart] Entry:
/// - Emits a complete or incomplete [Entry] while the next same [RegionId] record arrives.
///
/// **Incomplete Entry:**
/// If the records arrive in the following order, it emits **the incomplete [Entry]** when the next record arrives.
/// - **[RecordType::First], [RecordType::Middle]**, [RecordType::First]
/// - **[RecordType::Middle]**, [RecordType::First]
/// - **[RecordType::Last]**
pub(crate) fn maybe_emit_entry(
    provider: &Arc<KafkaProvider>,
    record: Record,
    buffered_records: &mut HashMap<RegionId, Vec<Record>>,
) -> Result<Option<Entry>> {
    let mut entry = None;
    match record.meta.tp {
        RecordType::Full => entry = Some(convert_to_naive_entry(provider.clone(), record)),
        RecordType::First => {
            let region_id = record.meta.ns.region_id.into();
            if let Some(records) = buffered_records.insert(region_id, vec![record]) {
                // Incomplete entry
                entry = Some(convert_to_multiple_entry(
                    provider.clone(),
                    region_id,
                    records,
                ))
            }
        }
        RecordType::Middle(seq) => {
            let region_id = record.meta.ns.region_id.into();
            let records = buffered_records.entry(region_id).or_default();

            // Only validate complete entries.
            if !records.is_empty() {
                // Safety: the records are guaranteed not empty if the key exists.
                let last_record = records.last().unwrap();
                let legal = match last_record.meta.tp {
                    // Legal if this record follows a First record.
                    RecordType::First => seq == 1,
                    // Legal if this record follows a Middle record just prior to this record.
                    RecordType::Middle(last_seq) => last_seq + 1 == seq,
                    // Illegal sequence.
                    _ => false,
                };
                ensure!(
                    legal,
                    IllegalSequenceSnafu {
                        error: format!(
                            "Illegal sequence of a middle record, last record: {:?}, incoming record: {:?}",
                            last_record.meta.tp,
                            record.meta.tp
                        )
                    }
                );
            }

            records.push(record);
        }
        RecordType::Last => {
            let region_id = record.meta.ns.region_id.into();
            if let Some(mut records) = buffered_records.remove(&region_id) {
                records.push(record);
                entry = Some(convert_to_multiple_entry(
                    provider.clone(),
                    region_id,
                    records,
                ))
            } else {
                // Incomplete entry
                entry = Some(convert_to_multiple_entry(
                    provider.clone(),
                    region_id,
                    vec![record],
                ))
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(entry)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    use super::*;
    use crate::error;

    fn new_test_record(tp: RecordType, entry_id: EntryId, region_id: u64, data: Vec<u8>) -> Record {
        Record {
            meta: RecordMeta {
                version: VERSION,
                tp,
                ns: NamespaceImpl {
                    region_id,
                    topic: "greptimedb_wal_topic".to_string(),
                },
                entry_id,
            },
            data,
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_maybe_emit_entry_emit_naive_entry() {
        let provider = Arc::new(KafkaProvider::new("my_topic".to_string()));
        let region_id = RegionId::new(1, 1);
        let mut buffer = HashMap::new();
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::Full, 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![1; 100]);
        let entry = maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            entry,
            Entry::Naive(NaiveEntry {
                provider: Provider::Kafka(provider),
                region_id,
                entry_id: 1,
                data: vec![1; 100]
            })
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_maybe_emit_entry_emit_incomplete_entry() {
        let provider = Arc::new(KafkaProvider::new("my_topic".to_string()));
        let region_id = RegionId::new(1, 1);
        // `First` overwrite `First`
        let mut buffer = HashMap::new();
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::First, 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![1; 100]);
        assert!(maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .is_none());
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::First, 2, region_id.as_u64(), vec![2; 100]);
        let incomplete_entry = maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            incomplete_entry,
            Entry::MultiplePart(MultiplePartEntry {
                provider: Provider::Kafka(provider.clone()),
                region_id,
                entry_id: 1,
                headers: vec![MultiplePartHeader::First],
                parts: vec![vec![1; 100]],
            })
        );

        // `Last` overwrite `None`
        let mut buffer = HashMap::new();
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::Last, 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![1; 100]);
        let incomplete_entry = maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            incomplete_entry,
            Entry::MultiplePart(MultiplePartEntry {
                provider: Provider::Kafka(provider.clone()),
                region_id,
                entry_id: 1,
                headers: vec![MultiplePartHeader::Last],
                parts: vec![vec![1; 100]],
            })
        );

        // `First` overwrite `Middle(0)`
        let mut buffer = HashMap::new();
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::Middle(0), 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![1; 100]);
        assert!(maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .is_none());
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::First, 2, region_id.as_u64(), vec![2; 100]);
        let incomplete_entry = maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            incomplete_entry,
            Entry::MultiplePart(MultiplePartEntry {
                provider: Provider::Kafka(provider),
                region_id,
                entry_id: 1,
                headers: vec![MultiplePartHeader::Middle(0)],
                parts: vec![vec![1; 100]],
            })
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_maybe_emit_entry_illegal_seq() {
        let provider = Arc::new(KafkaProvider::new("my_topic".to_string()));
        let region_id = RegionId::new(1, 1);
        let mut buffer = HashMap::new();
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::First, 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![1; 100]);
        assert!(maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .is_none());
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::Middle(2), 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![2; 100]);
        let err = maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer).unwrap_err();
        assert_matches!(err, error::Error::IllegalSequence { .. });

        let mut buffer = HashMap::new();
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::First, 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![1; 100]);
        assert!(maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .is_none());
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::Middle(1), 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![2; 100]);
        assert!(maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .is_none());
        let record = new_test_record(RecordType::Middle(3), 1, region_id.as_u64(), vec![2; 100]);
        let err = maybe_emit_entry(&provider, record, &mut buffer).unwrap_err();
        assert_matches!(err, error::Error::IllegalSequence { .. });
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_meta_size() {
        let meta = RecordMeta {
            version: VERSION,
            tp: RecordType::Middle(usize::MAX),
            entry_id: u64::MAX,
            ns: NamespaceImpl {
                region_id: RegionId::new(u32::MAX, u32::MAX).as_u64(),
                topic: format!("greptime_kafka_cluster/1024/2048/{}", uuid::Uuid::new_v4()),
            },
        };
        let serialized = serde_json::to_vec(&meta).unwrap();
        // The len of serialized data is 202.
        assert!(serialized.len() < ESTIMATED_META_SIZE);
    }
}